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An proxy, also called the software for proxy servers that acts in the role of an intermediary the server and client on the internet. With no proxy in place, a customer could make a request the resource directly to a server and the server could serve the requested resource directly back at the requester's. This is a simple method to grasp and implement, using proxies provides advantages such as increased performance, privacy, security, and much more. As an additional layer of pass-through, the proxy functions as a gatekeeper of the internet between clients and servers.
Generally speaking, the combined mix of hardware for servers and installed proxy software is usually referred too as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are typically classified as software when referring to web servers. This article will give an in-depth breakdown of two types: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own usage situation, and it is frequently not understood due to the similar terminology.
This article will give you information about the different types of proxy services, what their subtypes, as well as how they work in a variety of configurations. By reading this article, you will be able to identify the instances where the use of proxies is advantageous and pick the right solution between reverse and forward proxy for any particular scenario.
Understanding Forward Proxies
The forward proxy sometimes called an open proxy acts as a representative for a customer who needs to send a request via the internet to the server that originated it. In this scenario the entire attempt to send requests made by the user will be sent via the forward proxy. A forward proxy, acting instead of the client will take a look at the request. Then, it determines whether the user is authorised to transmit requests through this specific forward proxy. Then, it decides to refuse any request or forward it to the source server. The client is not able to have direct connection for the web. It is able to access only what forward proxy allows it access to.
One of the most popular uses for forward proxy is to provide greater privacy or security when using the internet. Forward proxy is able to access the internet on behalf of a client and by doing this, it could make use of a different IP address than the IP address used by the client.
Depending on how it's been configured and how it's configured, forward proxy may provide you with different features based on the configuration, which allows you to:
Don't fall victim of ad trackers.
Circumvent surveillance.
Recognize the restrictions based on your place of residence.
Forward proxies are also utilized for security systems which are centralized as well as access that is permission-based for instance, such as at work. When all internet traffic passes through an open forward proxy an administrator is able to grant only a small number of clients access to the internet filtered by the standard firewall. Instead of creating firewalls for the client layer, that could include a variety of devices that operate in various environments and users A firewall can be positioned on top of this forward proxy layer.
It is essential to note that forward proxies need to be manually setup in order to be used and reverse proxies may not be detected by the user. Depending on the type the IP address that a user is transferred to the origin server via forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.
There are numerous options to consider for forward proxies.
Apache An open source well-known web server, which offers forward proxy capabilities.
Nginx: Another widely used open-source web server with capability to use forward proxy.
Squid is a free forward proxy using an HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't include the full web server. You can read our article about the best method to build a Squid proxy to connect privately on Ubuntu 20.04.
Dante is an forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP making it more suitable for usage scenarios like peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to learn how to configure Dante proxy to permit private connections with Ubuntu 20.04
Understanding Reverse Proxies
A reverse proxy acts as an agent for a web server, which handles incoming requests from clients on its behalf. The web server could comprise a server, or multiple servers. Additionally, it can be an application-server such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios the request will come via the web at large. In the majority of cases, your request is sent directly to the webserver with the resources that the user is seeking. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary, isolating the webserver from direct interaction with the internet.
From the viewpoint of a user, the experience of interacting with reverse proxy is not different than connecting to an internet server direct. It's basically the same, but the client is unable to see the distinction. The client asks for a resource and then receives it, with no extra configuration required from the client.
Reverse proxies offer features like:
Centralized security on webservers.
The direction of traffic coming in based on rules you set.
New caching functionality has been added.
While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy servers. Reverse proxy servers provide this service only to the layer that is the webserver, not those who are on the client side. instead of the maintenance of firewalls in webserver level that could include multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk protection of firewalls is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and connecting with requests from customers through web servers allows them to concentrate on the needs of their customers.
If there are multiple servers using a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy also handles the direction of which requests are directed to which servers. Multiple web servers may be running from the same host, offering different types of resources or a mix of both. They can use the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server, however they could also be outfitted with applications server protocols, such as FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy to direct users to a specific servers based on the services required, or to specific rules pertaining to the load of traffic.
Reverse proxies may also benefit from their placement on top of web servers as they offer caching capabilities. Large static assets can be configured using caching rules to prevent the need to call web servers every time. Certain software solutions let you directly serve static files without having to interact with the webserver at all. Additionally the reverse proxy is capable of handling the compression of these files.
The well-known Nginx web server is also used as a well-known reverse proxy option. Although Apache is a reverse proxy solution it is not the only one. Apache web server does have reverse proxy capabilities, however, it's an additional feature that is available to Apache in contrast to Nginx was originally designed to and focuses specifically on reverse proxy features.
Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use
Since "forward" and "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality, and misleading comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels can be confusing since both types of proxy services handle the processing of requests as well as responses. The most effective way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy providers is to consider the requirements of the app that you are developing.
A reverse proxy is a useful tool when building a solution to provide web-based applications over the internet. They serve as your web servers in any interaction with the web.
Forward proxy can be useful when put in front of users either for personal use, or in an office setting. They serve as a representation of the traffic of your client every time you connect to the internet.
Separating by use case rather than just focusing on the most standard naming conventions can help make sure that you don't get confused.
Conclusion
This article provides the definition of a proxy, focusing on the two main types, namely the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of use and an overview of useful features were utilized to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy. If you're looking to know more about the possibilities of proxies, you should read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy in Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.
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